Europaweite Videoüberwachung an Schlachthöfen und Dokumentation
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/ #20102014-04-23 19:38Gesendet: Mittwoch, 23. April 2014 um 20:44 Uhr Von: "Elisabeth Petras" An: guhde Betreff: puten [ » ah nachrichten für die Landwirtschaft » Geflügel » FLI Mastputenhaltung] Mittwoch, 23.04.2014 Geflügel | 23.04.2014 Redaktion agrarheute.com Kontrolle der Einstreu kann Ballenentzündungen verhindern Laut einer Forschungstudie des Friedrich-Loeffler-Instituts (FLI) spielen bei Ballenentzündungen in der Mastputenhaltung diverse Faktoren eine Rolle. Ein zentraler Faktor ist die Einstreu. Die Einstreuqualität hat Einfluss auf die Entstehung von Ballenentzündungen.© agrar-press Bild vergrößern Die Einstreuqualität hat Einfluss auf die Entstehung von Ballenentzündungen. © agrar-press Fußballenentzündungen sowie von Artgenossen zugefügte Verletzungen gehören sowohl unter Tierschutzaspekten als auch aus ökonomischer Sicht zu den relevanten Krankheitsbildern in der Putenhaltung. Wissenschaftliche Studien zu den Ursachen dieser Phänomene bilden einen Forschungsschwerpunkt der Arbeitsgruppe "Mastgeflügel" des Friedrich-Loeffler-Instituts in Celle. Diverse Untersuchungen deuten darauf hin, dass Haltungs- und Managementfaktoren sowie die Genetik eine wesentliche Rolle spielen. Eine Lösung dieser tierschutzrelevanten Probleme kann nur im Zusammenwirken von einer Verbesserung der Tierhaltung und des Managements sowie der verstärkten Beachtung von Tiergesundheit und Tierwohl in der genetischen Selektion der Zuchtfirmen erreicht werden, heißt es in einem aktuellen FLI-Bericht. Trockene Einstreu ausschlaggebend Für die Entstehung von Ballenentzündungen kommen diverse Faktoren in Frage. Neben hohen Lebendmassen, geschlechtsspezifischen Dispositionen und Futterkomponenten sind Managementmaßnahmen (Stallklima) nicht zu vernachlässigen, da insbesondere eine mangelhafte Einstreuqualität mit einer zu hohen Feuchtigkeit als wesentlicher Einflussfaktor gilt. Feuchtigkeitsgehalte von mehr als 30 Prozent wirkten sich bei Puten bereits nach kurzer Expositionszeit nachteilig auf den Ballenzustand aus. Auch die in einigen Studien gefundene höhere Disposition für Pododermatitiden bei Putenhennen lässt sich daher möglicherweise nicht nur auf Unterschiede in der Hautzusammensetzung (höherer Fettgehalt, niedrigerer Kollagengehalt bei weiblichen Tieren), sondern auch auf die unterschiedlichen Individuendichten in der Hahnen- bzw. Hennenmast zurückführen. Der Kotanfall pro Flächeneinheit ist in der konventionellen Putenmast bei den üblichen Besatzdichten in der 16. Lebenswoche bei Putenhennen beispielsweise um etwa 20 Prozent höher als bei Putenhähnen. Die hieraus potentiell resultierende höhere Einstreufeuchtigkeit kann als eine Ursache für die erhöhte Prävalenz von Ballenentzündungen bei Putenhennen in Betracht gezogen werden. Eindämmung des Kannibalismus Klick-Tipp * Eier- und Geflügelpreise im Wochenrückblick ... * Hofreport: Mit drei Landwirten durch's Jahr ... * Märkte und Preise ... * Wettervorhersage ... Beschädigungspicken und Kannibalismus werden auf genetische Prädispositionen und Fütterungseinflüssen vorrangig auf Haltungsfaktoren, insbesondere Beschäftigungs- und Bewegungsmangel zurückgeführt. Eigene Untersuchungen zeigten, dass Haltungsanreicherungen, etwa durch räumliche Strukturierung mittels Sitzstangen, erhöhten Ebenen, Sichtschutz als Rückzugsmöglichkeit für schwächere Tiere oder Zugang zu einem Außenklimabereich (AKB) dazu beitrugen, die Prävalenz von Kannibalismus zu reduzieren. Mittlerweile hat sich die Strukturierung mittels AKB in der Putenhaltung etabliert, und die vorhandenen Vorzüge im Bereich des Tierwohls und der Tiergesundheit werden auch seitens der Putenwirtschaft anerkannt. Spezielle Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten, die zur Ablenkung der Tiere eingesetzt werden, können das Auftreten von Kannibalismus zumindest vorübergehend reduzieren. Die Puten verlieren aber meist relativ rasch das Interesse an den angebotenen Materialien, so dass Kannibalismus bislang nicht nachhaltig und zuverlässig verhindert werden konnte. Tierschutz muss international Beachtung finden Im Sinne des in Deutschland mittlerweile zum Verfassungsziel erhobenen Tierschutzes gilt es, problematische Entwicklungen in der Mastputenhaltung zu erkennen sowie praxistaugliche Lösungsansätze zu entwickeln. Angesichts des starken Konkurrenzdruckes seitens ausländischer Putenfleischerzeuger sollten weitere Verbesserungen des Tierschutzniveaus allerdings nicht nur national beschränkt erfolgen, sondern müssen auch international größere Beachtung finden, erklärt das FLI. Das FLI merkt zudem an, dass sich Mastputenhalter nicht gegenüber tierschutzförderlichen Haltungsverbesserungen verwehren würden, wenn diese Maßnahmen wirtschaftlich zumindest kostenneutral sind. Hierbei seien die fleischverarbeitende Industrie, Handel und Verbraucher aufgefordert, den höheren Arbeitsaufwand und die Mehrkosten für nachweislich auf hohem Tierschutzniveau erzeugte Putenfleischprodukte auch finanziell zu honorieren. |
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